U.S. Tequila & Mezcal: The Hidden Margin Story

Supply, Pricing & 3-Year Outlook (2026–2028)  |  Prepared March 2026  |  By Zillah Bahar

Thesis: Profitable Deceleration, Not Decline

The headlines say tequila is slowing. The margin math says something different. Agave prices have collapsed 90%+ from their 2022 peak, but retail shelf prices have barely moved. The result is a historic margin expansion for large producers and brand owners—even as unit volumes soften. The real story of the tequila market in 2026 is not “growth is over”—it is who captures the profit in a market where the primary input cost has nearly vanished while the consumer-facing price holds firm.

Our Forecast: U.S. tequila category value grows from $6.4B to $7.2–7.6B by 2028 on premiumization, even as volume stays flat. Agave prices recover from today’s $0.15/kg floor toward $0.40–0.75/kg by 2028, gradually compressing the current extraordinary margins. The celebrity brand multiplier is fading—expect 30–40% of current brands to exit as consumer skepticism grows. Additive-free certified brands are emerging as a key growth accelerator, outpacing non-certified competitors by 10–20x at the $45+ tier. Mezcal reaches $150–170M in U.S. imports, with rising prices driven by wild agave scarcity.
−94%
Agave price crash
~$1.70 → ~$0.15/kg
525M
Liters of surplus tequila
in Mexico (~1 year of production)
2,189
Registered tequila brands
produced at only ~140 licensed distilleries

The Agave Crash and the Margin Asymmetry

Fig. 1: Blue Agave Price (USD/kg), Jalisco — 2018–2028F
Fig. 2: Agave Cost vs. Retail Price Per 750ml Bottle (USD)

Producing one liter of 100% agave tequila requires 8–10 kg of agave. At the 2022 peak (~$1.70/kg), agave alone cost $13–16 per liter. At today’s floor (~$0.15–0.25/kg), that same input costs $1.20–2.50—a $10–14/liter savings flowing directly to producer gross margin. For a brand selling at $40 retail, the agave component dropped from ~$10–12 per bottle to under $2. Retail prices did not follow. The IWSR (International Wine & Spirit Research) reports large producers are “determined to preserve margin rather than engage in widespread discounting.”

The surplus will not clear quickly. Between 2014 and 2023, planted blue agave hectares increased 167% to over 134,000 hectares, and registered growers surged from 3,180 to 42,200. Plants sown during the 2021–22 frenzy mature in 2027–2030, ensuring continued price pressure through at least 2027. The IWSR projects prices will not bottom until 2026, with meaningful recovery unlikely before 2028–29. The consensus forecast is that agave prices recover to roughly $0.40–0.75/kg by 2028—a return toward pre-boom normality, not another spike.

Celebrity Saturation Hits the Wall

Over 100 celebrity-affiliated tequila brands now compete for finite shelf space. Most are contract-produced: they don’t own distilleries but pay a licensed facility to make tequila under their label. (Every tequila bottle carries a NOM number—Norma Oficial Mexicana—identifying the specific distillery where it was made, regardless of brand. A single facility, NOM 1438, contract-produces 128+ different brands.) The top five producer-owners (Cuervo, Patrón/Bacardi, Diageo/Don Julio and others) control >80% of volume and capture almost all of the current margin windfall. The original proof-of-concept is now the clearest proof of ceiling: Casamigos (Diageo, acquired for $1B in 2017) peaked at 3.2M cases in 2022, fell to 3.0M in 2023, and declined to ~2.4M cases in 2024—a −21% drop in the second half of 2024 alone. Diageo has publicly said it needs to “go back to basics.”

Teremana is the exception, not the rule: 1M+ annual cases driven by Dwayne Johnson’s extraordinary reach and accessible pricing ($30–40). But 818 Tequila (Kendall Jenner) has repriced and cut marketing spend—a rationalization signal. The “celebrity multiplier” is fading as consumer skepticism grows and class-action lawsuits allege additive misrepresentation across multiple brands.

The Additive-Free Battle Reshapes the Market

Nielsen data shows additive-free certified brands at $45+ are growing at 10–20x the rate of non-certified competitors. Yet an estimated 70% of all tequilas contain undisclosed additives (caramel color, glycerin, oak extract, vanilla), and ~80% of brands submitted for Additive Free Alliance (AFA) certification fail testing.

In March 2025, the CRT (Consejo Regulador del Tequila, Mexico’s tequila regulatory body) sued the Additive Free Alliance in U.S. federal court, seeking to prohibit independent additive-free certification. This litigation is unresolved and its outcome will define whether authenticity claims survive as a consumer differentiator. A CRT victory suppresses the movement and advantages large producers. An AFA victory accelerates mandatory transparency. Regardless of outcome, consumer awareness of additives is permanently elevated.

Tequila Sub-Categories

ExpressionShareTrendRetailOutlook 2026–28
Blanco~42% volStable; cocktail culture anchor$25–$55Resilient. Margarita backbone + additive-free movement favor. Standard tier ($20–30) faces price competition.
Reposado~25% volFastest-growing; 9.5% annual growth$30–$55Best positioned. Sweet spot for trading-up consumers. Aging cost low at current agave prices.
Añejo~20% revStable; aged sipping appeal$50–$80+Holds. Growing consumer interest in aged agave expressions. Sipping occasion gaining share.
Extra AñejoSmallUltra-premium correction (−8% first half of 2024)$100–$300+Near-term pressure from luxury pullback. Long-term scarcity story intact for top expressions.
Cristalino (aged tequila filtered to remove color, producing a clear spirit with aged flavor)~8% prem.Moderating; new entries launching$45–$90Growth decelerating. Risk of commoditization as every major house launches a Cristalino.
The tier, not the expression, is the defining signal. Prestige tequila ($100+ retail) continues growing at +6%, while standard tier (<$30) declined −3% in volume in the first half of 2024. The $30–50 premium tier—dominated by reposado and premium blanco—is the most resilient segment and the best-positioned for 2026–2028.

Forecast: 2026–2028

Tequila category value grows from $6.4B to $7.2–7.6B by 2028 on premiumization, even as volume stays flat. Agave prices recover gradually from today’s $0.15/kg floor toward $0.40–0.75/kg by 2028. Expect 30–40% of current brands to exit or go dormant. See detailed forecast below.

Sources

  1. IWSR, “How Will the Agave Price Crash Impact Tequila?” (2024) — theiwsr.com
  2. IWSR, “Agave Pricing Will Not Hit the Bottom Until 2026” — thespiritsbusiness.com
  3. The Spirits Business, “Agave Prices Fall as Tequila Heats Up” (May 2024) — thespiritsbusiness.com
  4. VinePair, “Agave Price Crash and Premium Tequila” — vinepair.com
  5. Mexico News Daily, “Mexico’s 500 Million Liters of Unsold Surplus Tequila” — mexiconewsdaily.com
  6. Robb Report, “Demand for Tequila Slowing, Mexico Surplus” — robbreport.com
  7. Brunch God NY, “Tequila’s Boom Meets Reality” — brunchgodny.com
  8. France24, “After the Party: Mexican Agave Farmers Face Tequila Hangover” (Feb 2025) — france24.com
  9. The Drinks Business, “Can Tequila Brands Cash In on the Agave Price Crash?” (Apr 2024) — thedrinksbusiness.com
  10. DISCUS, 2025 Annual Economic Briefing & Tequila/Mezcal Fact Sheet — distilledspirits.org
  11. DISCUS, 2024 Tequila/Mezcal in the U.S. Fact Sheet (PDF) — distilledspirits.org (PDF)
  12. The Spirits Business, “Diageo Goes Back to Basics with Casamigos” (Feb 2025) — thespiritsbusiness.com
  13. Teremana Tequila, Press Release: “Record Sales of One Million Cases” — prnewswire.com
  14. Shanken News Daily, “818 Tequila Accelerates After Revamping Pricing Strategy” (Feb 2024) — shankennewsdaily.com
  15. CNN, “Tequila Popularity and Sales 2025” (May 2025) — cnn.com
  16. Bloomberg, “Trump’s Tariffs Threaten Celebrity Tequila Brands” (Mar 2025) — bloomberg.com
  17. SevenFifty Daily, “How the Conflict in Additive-Free Tequila Is Hurting Small Brands” — daily.sevenfifty.com
  18. VinePair, “CRT Files Lawsuit Against Tequila Certification Companies” (2025) — vinepair.com
  19. Mordor Intelligence, “Tequila Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis” — mordorintelligence.com
  20. IMARC Group, “Top Trends Shaping the Tequila Market” — imarcgroup.com
  21. Mezcalistas, “2024 Mezcal Sales and Export Numbers” — mezcalistas.com
  22. NPR, “Mexico’s Wild Agave Plants Are Disappearing. Will Mezcal Follow?” (Feb 2024) — npr.org
  23. Washington Post, “Mezcal Mexico Wild Agave” (2024) — washingtonpost.com
  24. Tequila Tracker, “2024 NOM List Updates” — tequilatracker.net
  25. G4 Tequila, “Contract Brand vs. Producer-Owned Tequila” — g4tequilas.com
  26. Mexico Business News, “Tequila Industry Prioritizes Small Agave Producers” — mexicobusiness.news
  27. Park Street Imports, “Tracking Beverage Alcohol Tariffs” (live tracker) — parkstreet.com
  28. Honigman, “USMCA Tariff Alert: Tequila and Mexican Spirits” — honigman.com
  29. Brauwelt International, “Mexican Tequila Exempt from U.S. Tariffs—For Now” — brauwelt.com
  30. CRT, “With Rising Tariffs, Tequila Aims to Expand Into New Markets” (Apr 2025) — crt.org.mx

Forecast Detail: Agave, Tequila & Mezcal

YearAgave (USD/kg)Signal
2026$0.15–0.30Continued floor; surplus persists
2027$0.25–0.50Gradual normalization begins
2028$0.40–0.75Recovery if no new planting surge

Tequila: Volume holds flat at ~31M cases, but value grows from $6.4B to $7.2–7.6B by 2028 as consumers trade up to the $30–50 premium tier. Margins peak in 2026–27, then compress as agave prices normalize. Expect 30–40% of current brands to exit by 2028.

Mezcal: The inverse of tequila—genuinely supply-constrained. Wild agave species require 12–35 years to mature and cannot be cultivated at scale. U.S. imports grow from $108M to $150–170M by 2028, with prices rising 5–8% annually.

Key risks: A 25% tariff (if USMCA—the U.S.-Mexico-Canada trade agreement—exemptions narrow) would raise retail prices 15–20%. The CRT vs. Additive Free Alliance litigation will reshape authenticity competition. The agave farmer crisis poses a growing reputational risk.